129809647193336250_416External shape 1, are symmetrical on both sides, the body is a different section, that is, several sections are each composed of different parts of the body, such as split up, chest, abdominal part 3, or healing of arthropod head and chest to chest, abdomen or chest and healing for the body of cadres, head, chest, and abdominal part 3 heal together as a whole. Section 2, may disappear, the different functions of the Department.As Head Secretary and feeding, chest movement of the Division, Division of metabolism of the abdomen.
3, in addition to outside the body section, appendages, appendages have double-and single-, two classes, appendage on the structure and function of the parts Division, one for feeding, the enemy, walking and swimming. 4, water-dwelling species of appendages of head appendages, and even more cadres have features to filter food from the water. AppendageCan also play a role of attack, defense, or auxiliary mating, some by appendage surface exchange of air. Some appendage to differentiate into a specific structure, such as comb-shaped plates of the Scorpion and spider spinnerets. Appendages have been degraded or lost. Features 1 overall bone and muscle structure: important characteristics of arthropods are covered with chitinous exoskeleton in vitro, also known as the epidermis or cuticle. ExoskeletonInto not arthropod the same fragment, on the articular membrane between adjacent sections, the stratum corneum is thin, easy to inflectional activities. 2, each section of the stratum corneum are basically divided into 4 blocks: 1 block back, 1 piece of belly and two side panels. Usually different due to the secondary merge or split. Tubular external skeletal appendage attached to articular membrane between the various sections, jointsActivity. Articular membrane between the sections of most arthropods exoskeleton collapsed in front of a section below the trailing edge. Some arthropods of vertebrates of the ball-and-socket type joint. Exoskeletons are sometimes to highlight the formation process in the body, as muscle attachment points; or internal organization free of ossification of bones, for the attachment of muscles in the body, exoskeleton by a layer of epithelial cells below it (under the epithelium, or skin)The secretion. 3, exoskeleton can be divided into 3 layers: from the inside out are: on the skin and outer epidermis and cuticle.
Epidermal epithelial immediately, is the thickest layer in the exoskeleton, the main component is a complex of proteins and chitin, clear and soft, with extensibility and twists and turns. 4, in the outer epidermis is located outside skin thinner, major component protein and polysaccharide chitin depositionDeposition of calcium salt, or bone-rich protein, is the hardest part of the exoskeleton, usually in the section between film and other film quality, since this layer is not developed, to be flexible.
Skin on the outer layer, a thin, often containing wax. 5, and some arthropod exoskeleton on thin and non-waxy cuticle, water and air penetration. Stratum corneum General slim passageway, below cuticleGland secretions can pass out. Cuticles are not entirely confined to the external surface of the body. During the embryonic Ectodermal Dysplasia inset part of epithelial secretory cuticle, as in previous bowel, back part of the intestines, trachea, lungs and reproductive organs, lined with cuticle, moulting also when to take off. Endocrine formation of basement membrane of epithelial layer and basement membrane is a layer of amorphous granular layer. Muscle bundle,Made up of muscle fibers, no tendon at both ends, on the inner wall of a bone or internal processes. 6, no life cuticle does not grow like a vertebrate bones, so in the growth process to periodically molt. Prior to molting, separation of epithelial and exoskeletons, secretion on forming a new layer of epidermis. Epithelial secretion of chitinase and protease, through the skin on the new table in the old skinsSkin corrosion. Then epithelium and secretion of new outer epidermal and epidermal. Outsourcing of animals at this time with new and used two layers of skin. Some lines along the old skin scheduled open body in human decidual, molt twice between phases are called before and after age. Crustaceans molt several times in a row in his life, mating breed molt again after sexual maturity. Morphological characteristics of body divisions arthropod body bilateral symmetry�� Made up of a Festival, different legal section, can be divided into three part of head, chest, abdomen, or healing arthropod head and chest to chest, abdomen or chest and healing for the body of cadres. For example: outline of insects (grasshoppers) separately, chest and abdomen three parts of animal body; crustacea (shrimp) animal body split up the chest, abdominal part II; Arachnida (spiders) animal body separately in the chest, abdomen;Foot outline (centipede) Department of animal body part split up, the trunk. Division on the physiological functions of the body also appeared in Division of Labor: head: sensory and feeding center; chest: campaign and support center; abdomen: nutrition and breeding Center. Section arthropods appendages on each section of a pair of appendages of the section. Appendages are double-and single categories. Arthropod appendages are arranged in sections, andAppendage warts compared to the foot of the annelids, there have been major advances, wart full and articulate of the comparative table below: arthropod in striated muscle that has developed between the muscle and the body wall muscles that do not form a continuous layer, but development for separation of muscle bundles. In previous animal arthropod muscles are smooth muscle, begins to form from arthropod striated muscle, access to highly developed sports function. OutsideSkeletal body wall containing chitin is one of the important characteristics of arthropods. Body wall has a certain hardness of arthropods, plays the equivalent bone support, it said its exoskeleton. Compounds of nitrogen-containing polysaccharide chitin is the amide of acetic acid and glucose. Chitin in a grid-like structure-embedded in a protein matrix. Physical properties of chitin is soft with some bombAnd toughness. Chitin and protein composition of the arthropod body wall with main components. Rigidity of the body wall is not due to the presence of chitin, but under the action of protein enzyme tanning and hardened. On the articular membrane between adjacent sections, the stratum corneum is thin, easy to inflectional activities. Appendages of joint activities. Hard exoskeleton limits growth of the body, soLimbs of animals to periodically molt during growth, molt twice between phases are called before and after age.
The respiratory system respiratory organ diversity of arthropod diversity, with a variety of different ecological groups have: Arthropoda 1, wall: lower small crustaceans, such as Daphnia. 2, Gill: aquatic crustaceans in the foot at the base of the body wall outward projection of filmsStructure, filled with capillaries.
Such as shrimp, crab, etc. 3, Gill: protruding from the body wall of the base of the foot outward collapse into a page, and vascular distribution.
Respiratory organ in aquatic species of Horseshoe Crab.
4, the book lung: by SAG fold of the body wall to the writing page, spider, Scorpion's respiratory organs of terrestrial arthropods. 5, trachea: tubular structure formed by walls inset branch, for the terrestrial isopodaMalu arthropods insects, centipedes and other respiratory organs.
No capillary distribution on the trachea, is oxygen transport directly to the respiratory tissue. Arthropod diversity in the form of respiratory system, but they are all derivatives of the body wall.
Aquatic species of the respiratory organs are body wall to the outer ridged; terrestrial species in the respiratory organs are body wall to sag. Breathing mechanism has two categories: brake pipe systemCommission: oxygen transport directly to the respiratory tissues, gas exchange and cell; other types are respiratory gas exchange through the capillaries, then the tasks done by the circulatory system deliver oxygen. Mixing body cavities and circulatory system of open-tube 1, mixing body cavity: mesoderm in the arthropod body cavity formed in the early development of body cavity of SAC, but continued in the development process,Does not extend to a wide cavity, but degradation for reproductive lumen, discharge line cavities and the pericardial sac. Later in the development process, pericardium wall disappeared, between body wall and digestive tract of newborn body cavities and the pericardial sac of mixed secondary body cavity, forming mixed body cavities.
Mixed within the body cavity is filled with blood, mix body cavity is also known as the blood cavities. 2, open-tube system: the blood through the heart--��Artery-blood cavity �C �� ��--�� heart heart hole. Heart beat indigenously, a certain direction of blood flow. Arthropods related to complexity of the complexity of the circulatory system and respiratory system: respiratory system simple (limited to a part of the body), the circulatory system complex such as shrimp; respiratory complex (distributed in all body parts), circuits are simple
TERA CD-key, such as insects; superficial breathingArthropod in small circulation system disappeared, such as Daphnia. With two types of 1, excretion organs and glands of the renal tube homologous: by the renal tube evolved, such as crustacea of the antennal gland (adenoma of the green), outline of ���ʳɷ֡�-shaped coxal gland. Arthropod limb excretory organs of renal secondary closure of an animal, is made up of glands and urinary bladder. Nitrogen-containing waste by osmosis into the gland, and thenEliminated from the body by the bladder. 2 Markov-tube type: insects, spiders, and other Ma tube as excretory organs. Ma after the tube is in the digestive tract, intestines protruding outside the outer wall at the junction to form a tube-like structure. Direct bathing in blood, a lot of uric acid and other nitrogenous wastes, fed after intestinal, anus and expelled from the body. Arthropod nervous systems and sensory organs of the nervous system and ringAnimal's nervous system is basically the same, belong to the chain-like structure. But because of the law of arthropods vary section, next to always have some before and after healing sections into one larger neural ganglia or nerves. Arthropod ganglion of healing and the outer sections of the body disappears are closely related. If the spider section in vitro is not obvious, its ganglia are concentrated on the dorsal side of the esophagus andAbdominal side, forming a lot of nerve. Ganglia healed each other, losing its original chain. Original pipe outline of 2 ventral nerve cord, ganglia not clear above, and ladder planarian nervous systems are similar. Sensory organs of arthropods is a complex Division balance, sense of touch, sight, taste, smell and hearing senses. Eye a monocular and compound eyes two�� Compound eye is made up of an eye can sense outside the movement of objects and shapes, can adapt to light intensity and distinguish colors. Physical distribution of Insecta (locust): head, thorax and abdomen three parts; crustacea (shrimp): head of thoracic or abdominal part II; Arachnida (spiders): head of chest
SWTOR Credits, abdomen; Class Chilopoda (centipedes): head and trunk. Growth of most arthropods femaleMale homologous, male and female irregular and often. Terrestrial species in vivo fertilization, and aquatic species have a lot of in vitro fertilization. Arthropods are oviparous Colubrid, Ovoviviparity. Crack cleavage is table, direct development, with indirect development. Indirectly, with one to a few different types of development of larvae, sometimes the habits of larvae and adults of different. Some arthropodsParthenogenesis and development without fertilization of eggs to adults. In addition, there are forms such as pedogenesis and polyembryony.
Arthropods are not asexual. Except for Cirrus outside classes and minorities such as parasitic isopoda crustacean, arthropod in most dioecious. Individual appendage changes to sex organ. Terrestrial species in vivo fertilization, and aquatic species have a lot of in vitro fertilization�� Reproduction range is usually oviparous Colubrid, Ovoviviparity; not including bisexual reproduction, also have a form of parthenogenesis, juvenile reproductive and polyembryony. Many arthropods reproductive capacity, and less egg yolk, eggs soon hatch into larvae. Some eggs with yolk, has a very good egg shells or maternal protection, hatch when its size is similar to adult. Generation interval in some insects and smallCrustacean less than 3 days, so a pair of bisexual reproduction of female or a female parthenogenesis can produce millions of descendants within a few weeks, on the contrary, some of the large cold water shrimp crab 4 or more years to mature, lay their eggs in alternate years 1.
Main features of the first, different section of height development. Arthropods II, exoskeleton of chitin-protein complexes.Third, the limbs and joints.
IV, striated muscle-developed, it can shrink.
V, open tubular blood circulation.
VI, body wall inset form the trachea as the respiratory organ.
VII, excretory system, formed by the intestinal wall to external processes.
VIII, the nervous system and sensory organs are developed. Ninth, the vast majority are dioecious, in vivo fertilization. Classification systemFor arthropod classification system has a different view, Advanced category on the outline above, very different from the views of different scholars. According to Festival mix, appendages of arthropods, and respiratory organs of the provisional outline of existing types are divided into the following two subdivision six: original arthropod subphylum arthropod subphylum (Protarthropoda) is not a section, only surface with loopSheath. Appendages are not a section. Outline of only one �� Onychophora (Onychophora) also known as Protracheata (Prototracheata), Peripatus, and so on. True arthropods subphylum true arthropods subphylum (Euarthropoda) section. Appendages are section.
Outline of all 5. �� Merostomata (Merostomata) To split up the brain and stomach. Head part 6 on glue, the stung limb (chelicera) and 5-step, but no Horn. Abdominal leg 7. Use gills to breathe.
Such as the Horseshoe Crab. �� Arachnida (Arachnoida) split up the chest and abdomen. Head and chest with 6 pairs of appendages, a pair of repeat limb, a pair of feet (taster) (PalP=PediPAlP) and 4 to step foot; no antennae. Abdominal leg almost completely degraded. Pulmonary and tracheal breathing.
Such as spiders. D crustaceans (Crustacea) often split up the brain and stomach. Head and chest 13 pairs of appendages, or 5 head and limbs, and 8 on the thoracic limb. 5 head and limb including 2 antennae, a pair of big and 2 small jaw jaw. 8 on the thoracic limb in the first few on footAnd the rest to step foot. With or without abdominal limb. Use gills to breathe.
Such as shrimp and crabs. �� Myriapoda (Myriapoda) of head and torso. 314 on the head appendages, namely a pair of antennae, a pair of large jaw, small jaw and 1~2 on. Trunk on the back foot, each body section l 12. Use tracheal respiration.
Such as centipedes. �� Insecta (InsecTA) three body separately, chest, abdomen, head of the Department has 4 pairs of appendages, including a pair of antennae, a pair of large jaw, a pair of maxillae, and about a pair of healing as a piece of the lower lip, 3 to step foot on the chest. Abdominal appendages are almost completely degraded.
Such as mosquitoes and flies, and so on. Scholar Arthropoda 4 Subdivision: extinct animals Asia, three leaves existing Chelicerata subdivision, crustaceansSubdivision and subdivision of single animals, 19 under the outline, outline of Trilobites (Cambrian, Ordovician Shing), crustacea, and Merostomata (Merostomata) and Arachnida (not many fossil), the original outline of the trachea, Myriapoda (not many fossil) and Insecta.
Especially the Paleozoic Trilobites are the most important. There are scholars classify arthropods are as follows: the articulate subdivision (ProToarthropoda) three-leaf-shaped subdivision (Trilobitomorpha) trefoil-shaped outline (Trilobitoidea) outline of trilobite (Tirlobita) chelate limb subdivision (Chelicerata) Arachnida (Arachnida) of chelate limb Asia's largest class Merostomata (Merostomata) point spider subdivision (Pycnogonida) mandibulata (Mandibulata) crustaceans (Crustacea) outline of insects (Insecta), Myriapoda (Myriapoda) Crustacea: represent animals, 5 shrimp arthropod head section 8 chestSection abdominal 7 a body section except tail section outside, each body section are has 1 on min section of report limb, due to implementation of function different, shape also on different head chest, Horn, jaw tablets (formed chewing device), jaw foot (chest Qian 3 on), foot Gill, joint Gill, step foot (chest Hou 5 on) predator, crawling, abdominal 6 on, swimming lobster, crab spider shaped outline spider, meat sexual, jumping, Food bird spider several d mass shell than chitin class hard is divided into head chest and abdominal, only monocular, no compound eyes head report limb: 2 on, 1th on for handed limb, therein or head chest of venom this export, 2nd on and other behind of report limb similar, but is divided into 6 section chest: 4 on, is divided into 7 section spider abdominal: no respiratory with book lung, abdominal surface body wall inset formed ofSAC-like structure, blood is green, in the lungs for gas exchange, having female nobita small, Scorpion, and has a tail at the end of the abdomen after Thorn, of poison for nerve, people stung, pain, child and even life-threatening, but can be medicinal. Ticks and mites, parasitic species Myriapoda: centipede centipede body part and trunk 2 22, appendage 1 each section on InsectaOutline the main features of the largest body part is divided into 3 head, chest, abdomen, chest 3 on foot, most type 2 fin, by the exoskeleton, head of adaptability, section 6, heal as one adult. Antennae, and mouthparts (feeding organ) came by the evolution of head appendages; 3 monocular, 1 eye chest, 3 sections, 3 pairs of appendages, fin movement belly,Section 12, section 11, section 1, some degradation or healing at the end.
Adult abdominal appendages are degenerate, leaving only 1 tail, and external genitalia, metabolism, and reproduction. Abnormal phenomena of incomplete metamorphosis: egg �� larvae (and similar adult) �� adults such as: ISO centipede full locust metamorphosis: egg �� �� larvae molt several times, the pupa �� feather, adult: Butterfly no fin Asia outline: Ying tail accounts, clothing fish, drawer, and suitcase within common has fin Asia outline: direct fin accounts: locust, Mole cricket half fin accounts: cotton Stainer, tree Shang common, secretion a volatile sexual oil, is stink; bug with fin accounts: aphids pulse fin accounts: Chinese grass Green Lacewing Lepidoptera: various Butterfly class, and moth class, SilkWorm, Bombyx Mori Coleoptera: golden child, ladybug film fin accounts: Bee, AntDiptera: all kinds of mosquitoes, flies in a variety of arthropods, with the exception of three leaves of the extinct animals outside the Central Asia, based on the traditional is divided into 2 subdivision without a horn. No antennae complex animal subdivision, 1th counterpart chelate limb of the appendage was taken after eating, named after the, including the Horseshoe Crab, Scorpion, spiders, ticks and mites; tentacles called jaw animals Asia, their appendages are large jaw after 1th counterpart,Outline of includes insects, crustaceans, centipedes and Malu.
But now most Zoologists believe that have jaw animals Asia is a combination of human, there is no relationship between the groups covered by it. Therefore, arthropods should be divided into 4 Sub: extinct animals Asia, three leaves of the existing door, crustacean subphylum Chelicerata Asia and animals Asia. Three animals AsiaThe most original feature, life in the oceans. Apart from Horn, a section the rest of the body is double-branch appendages. Chelicerata Merostomata subdivision and head appendages of the Arachnida. Book gills and lungs are cognate, outline of two relatively close. Crustacean subphylum past as an outline of the crustacea, which was thought to be much large jaw full class, Insecta homologous, but crustaceans with 2Reach other doors and not the nauplius stage, should be a separate origin. Single animal subdivision and subdivision of the above originated in the ocean are different, seems to be evolved on land, Horn and big jaw, appendages are basically as a single branch. Clover outline of subdivision 19 arthropod animals Asia (Subphylum Trilobitomorpha) threeOutline of leaf insect (Trilobita) Chelicerata subdivision (Subphylum Chelicerata) Merostomata (Merostomata) Arachnida (Arachnida) haizhugang (Pycnogonida) crustacean subphylum (Subphylum Crustacea) Cephalocarida (Cephalocarida) Branchiopoda (Branchiopoda) Remipedia (Remipedia)-outline (Ostracoda) mystacocarida (Mystacocarida) Arthropoda tantulocarida-foot (Tantulocarida) outline of copepod (Copepoda) BRANCHIURA (Branchiura) outline of Cirrus (Cirripedia) Malacostraca (Malacostraca) subdivision of single animals (Subphylum Uniramia) outline of insects (Insecta) Diplopoda (Diplopoda) Chilopoda (cHilopoda) outline of candle Vanessa cardui (outline of little foot) (Pauropoda) comprehensive outline (Symphyla) system for open tubular type of circulatory system of blood circulation, located at the back of the heart, drive out of the blood into the main artery, and then to the blood-soaked tissues and organs of the cavity. Pericardium arthropods from the blood into the heart of orifice flow back to the heart. BloodWhen the liquid into the hole open
Rift CD-key, systolic blood pressure in the arteries when the heart hole closed.
Mixing body cavities and open-tube system. Mixing body cavity: mesoderm in the arthropod body cavity formed in the early development of body cavity of SAC, but continued in the development process, does not extend to a wide cavity, but degradation for reproductive lumen, discharge line cavities and the pericardial sac. Later in the development process, WaiCavity wall disappeared, between body wall and digestive tract of newborn body cavities and the pericardial sac of mixed secondary body cavity, forming mixed body cavities. Mixed within the body cavity is filled with blood, mix body cavity is also known as the blood cavities. Open-tube system: blood by the heart-artery-blood ��--�� cavity-��--�� heart heart hole. Heart beat indigenously, a certain direction of blood flow. Arthropods of the circulatory system complexDegree related to the complexity of the respiratory system. Gut and intestinal digestive system before long, consists of Ectodermal Dysplasia, internal lined with chitin. Midgut from endodermal. Former major intestinal feeding, grinding and storage of food, according to the food and feeding of different, gut before each part has a different evolution. Intestinal in place is to produce enzymes and digestion, absorption, some types of enzymes intoBefore the first intestinal and bowel begins to digest food, others to the in vitro, vitro. Out or intestine often blind SAC of digestive glands to increase surface area. Intestinal absorption of water, formed stool. The respiratory system respiratory Gill or gills of aquatic species, land of the trachea or lungs or both. The respiratory organs are derivatives of the body wall. Section of a gas pipelineLimbs of animals, the branch finally tissue cells of the trachea, eliminating the need to transfer blood gases. Outline of the arthropod trachea is different, to the evolution of terrestrial life in the process there are independent.
The arthropod trachea-free simple, relying on surface gas exchange.
Respiratory system simple (limited to a part of the body), the circulatory system complex: shrimp. Respiratory complex (In all body parts), circuits are simple, such as insects. Superficial small arthropods that breathe the circulatory system disappeared, such as Daphnia. Nervous system similar to the annelids, for centralized chain of nervous system. End of the head, chest and abdominal ganglion of the more developed. Brain increases, it has developed with its associated senses and complex behavior. Brain forebrain, midbrainAnd brain into three parts. Issued eye nerve to the forebrain, adjust light and movement, may be the starting point for complex behavior. Brain neural issued reach (crustaceans is the 1th antennae). Chelicerata subdivision (Scorpion, spiders, mites) without tentacles, brain accordingly disappears. Brain neural issued to the lower lip, digestive tract, chelate limb (Chelicerata subdivision) and the second antennae (Crustacea subphylum���� Circumesophageal nerve of both sides of the brain through the esophagus and esophageal ganglion connected. Arthropod regulate growth and metabolism of endocrine system, such as brain and ventral nerve cord of insect neurosecretory cells in the ganglion, to secrete a hormone.
To activate other endocrine glands (heart side body, corpora allata and the chest glands) secrete hormones to control the molting and metamorphosis. Variation of centipedesSensory system senses and complex than any other invertebrates, touch, taste, smell, hearing, balance and Visual and other sensory organs. Because of developed sensory and nervous system, some species have a great ability to pass information. Eye a monocular and compound eyes in two ways. Compound eye is made up of an eye can sense outside the movement of objects and shapes, can adapt to light intensityWeak and distinguish colors. On the tactile antennae or spines, setae on the taste on lips and aquatic species with Seta to felt the outside stimulus of the limb or body surface. Balancer can sense changes in gravity. Tarsal organ may have smell, Qin may have olfactory, auditory function. Value of arthropod exoskeletons can form fossils. From about 8~10 million years ago EDI-AcaraAnimal arthropod fossils have been found in the group, starting from the early Cambrian Trilobites appear large. Many fossil arthropod fossils as standard for Stratigraphic correlation and indicate that the depositional environment.
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